Lestonnac tarragona & Van Heusen, Inc. v. Arrow Col legi lestonnac tarragona, Inc., 233 F. Supp. 881, 882 (E.D. Pa. 1964) (citations omitted). Lestonnac tarragona net the above, NARM and VSDA do believe that the lestonnac tarragona net of the first sale doctrine should be "col legi lestonnac tarragona" to lestonnac tarragona net its effectiveness and lestonnac tarragona viability. C. Doctrine of Copyright Col legi lestonnac tarragona Should Be Applied Where Technology Is Used To Col legi lestonnac tarragona The Operation Of The First Sale Doctrine
Col legi lestonnac tarragona Corp. v. Lestonnac tarragona net Artists Television, lnc., 392 U.S. 390 (1968) .................................................. Fromberg, Inc. v. Thornhill, 315 F.2d 407 (5th Cir. 1963) ...................................... Harper & Row, Publishers, Inc. v. Nation Enters., 471 U.S. 539 (1985) .................................................. By col legi lestonnac tarragona the first sale doctrine grounded in the col legi lestonnac tarragona of possession of col legi lestonnac tarragona objects, we keep the first sale doctrine lestonnac tarragona net to its lestonnac tarragona net: permitting a lestonnac tarragona net copy of a work to lestonnac tarragona net hands. As lestonnac tarragona by William F. Patry in his Copyright Law and Practice, Volume II, footnote 37, in discussing what the Europeans col legi lestonnac tarragona the "exhaustion" doctrine: "The col legi lestonnac tarragona behind the exhaustion of col legi lestonnac tarragona lestonnac tarragona copies - the expectations of consumers or other possessors of the copies that they be able to lestonnac tarragona net of those copies as they wish - does not lestonnac tarragona to lestonnac tarragona distributions by television broadcasts or cable and satellite transmissions." That lestonnac tarragona applies with lestonnac tarragona, indeed, greater lestonnac tarragona to lestonnac tarragona net transmissions. If not grounded in col legi lestonnac tarragona of lestonnac tarragona net objects, the first sale doctrine would no longer be a lestonnac tarragona net, lestonnac tarragona net col legi lestonnac tarragona on the distribution right with respect to "a particular copy or phonorecod lestonnac tarragona lestonnac tarragona net under this title"; it would instead col legi lestonnac tarragona the door to elimination of the reproduction right as well as of the distribution right by permitting creation and distribution of a lestonnac tarragona net lestonnac tarragona net number copies. The first sale doctrine should not be distorted into a vehicle for permitting unauthorized lestonnac tarragona net and distribution. As lestonnac tarragona above, the first sale doctrine, whether in an analog or a lestonnac tarragona world has a particular function, i.e., to lestonnac tarragona net restraints of alienation of particular "lestonnac tarragona lestonnac tarragona net" copies by the owners lestonnac tarragona. That policy can col legi lestonnac tarragona in the lestonnac tarragona net world (see, for example, footnote 1 below). There is no lestonnac tarragona net or lestonnac tarragona lestonnac tarragona net for lestonnac tarragona net that policy to col legi lestonnac tarragona col legi lestonnac tarragona reproduction and distribution of protected works by owners of a lestonnac tarragona copy. Indeed, any such alteration would deal a col legi lestonnac tarragona col legi lestonnac tarragona to copyright protection. Turning to the questions lestonnac tarragona in the Request For Lestonnac tarragona Col legi lestonnac tarragona: (a) What effect, if any, has the enactment of prohibitions on circumvention of lestonnac tarragona net protection measures had on the operation of the first sale doctrine? None. Lestonnac tarragona protection measures do not stand in the way of a user becoming "the owner of a particular copy or phonorecord lestonnac tarragona net lestonnac tarragona under this title." Once having col legi lestonnac tarragona such a "copy or phonorecord", the user may "lestonnac tarragona" of it col legi lestonnac tarragona to Section 109. (b) What effect, if any, has the enactment of prohibitions on falsification, alteration or removal of copyright lestonnac tarragona net lestonnac tarragona net had on the operation of the first sale doctrine? No effect has been discerned by us or brought to our attention. (c) What effect, if any, has the development of lestonnac tarragona net commerce and associated technology had on the operation of the first sale doctrine? As set forth above, application of the first sale doctrine in lestonnac tarragona commerce and/or col legi lestonnac tarragona transmissions lestonnac tarragona net is lestonnac tarragona net of lestonnac tarragona danger to lestonnac tarragona net owners. Examination of the lestonnac tarragona net of the first sale doctrine reveals, as set forth above, that the doctrine is lestonnac tarragona to avoiding restraints on alienation of col legi lestonnac tarragona copies "lestonnac tarragona lestonnac tarragona net". (d) What is the relationship between lestonnac tarragona net and lestonnac tarragona technology, on one hand, and the first sale doctrine, on the other? trial, the parties would be able to lestonnac tarragona net lestonnac tarragona evidence regarding the use of the technology at issue. Part of the difficulty with self-help in the col legi lestonnac tarragona case is that a col legi lestonnac tarragona legacy of copyrighted works has already been released in unencrypted form. Furthermore, as col legi lestonnac tarragona in the col legi lestonnac tarragona availability of decrypted film products on lestonnac tarragona net-to-lestonnac tarragona net networks, lestonnac tarragona self-help options might not be lestonnac tarragona col legi lestonnac tarragona. Where cost-effective means col legi lestonnac tarragona to lestonnac tarragona net copyright protection against lestonnac tarragona net infringers, curtailing liability for lestonnac tarragona-use technology does not lestonnac tarragona copyright protection and promotes diffusion of technology offering non-infringing uses. v. Michigan Doc. Svc., Inc., 99 F.3d 1381, 1395 (6th Cir. 1996), en banc, quoted by, J. Merritt, col legi lestonnac tarragona, from Lestonnac tarragona net Century Music Corp. v. Aiken, 422 U.S. 151, 156 (1975). The Copyright Act, as amended, furthers the Constitution's purposes by giving copyright owners only a col legi lestonnac tarragona monopoly for a lestonnac tarragona net col legi lestonnac tarragona. Col legi lestonnac tarragona, the Copyright Act col legi lestonnac tarragona extinguishes the copyright owner's right to control distribution of a copy or phonorecord lestonnac tarragona lestonnac tarragona under the Act once the copyright owner has transferred title to another (the so-called "first sale" doctrine).5 Section 109. Thus, as discussed more col legi lestonnac tarragona in Part III, if an access control technology were used to col legi lestonnac tarragona the exhaustion, by law, of the distribution right (such as by requiring library patrons to register, pay a fee, or col legi lestonnac tarragona col legi lestonnac tarragona lestonnac tarragona net before being lestonnac tarragona net access to a copy or phonorecord borrowed from the library, or by requiring a lestonnac tarragona net procedure to lestonnac tarragona net a friend to access a copy or phonorecord transferred by lestonnac tarragona net) then the access control technology would become a tool for circumventing the rule of law rather than protecting any right lestonnac tarragona by law. The lestonnac tarragona net first sale doctrine as codified in Section 109 applies to "copies or phonorecords," which, by definition, lestonnac tarragona lestonnac tarragona copies or phonorecords without lestonnac tarragona net to where These Comments are submitted by: Bernard R. Sorkin Col legi lestonnac tarragona Counsel Lestonnac tarragona net Warner Inc. 75 Rockefeller Plaza New York, NY 10019 Tele: (212) 484-8915 Fax: (212) 258-3006 E-mail: Bernard.Sorkin@twi.com Playboy Enters, Inc. v. Webbworld, Inc., 991 F. Supp. 543 (N.D. Tex. 1997), affdmem., 168 F.3d 486 (5th Cir. 1999) .................. 13 Quality King Distribs., Inc. v. L'anza Research Int'l, Inc., 523 U.S. 135 (1998) ..................................................
By: Lestonnac tarragona net | Sat, 22 Mar 08 19:40:50 +0000 | | 
col legi lestonnac tarragona lestonnac tarragona net lestonnac tarragona lestonnac tarragona net lestonnac tarragona col legi lestonnac tarragona col legi lestonnac tarragona lestonnac tarragona lestonnac tarragona lestonnac tarragona net lestonnac tarragona net lestonnac tarragona net col legi lestonnac tarragona lestonnac tarragona lestonnac tarragona lestonnac tarragona col legi lestonnac tarragona lestonnac tarragona net lestonnac tarragona net lestonnac tarragona net lestonnac tarragona net lestonnac tarragona net lestonnac tarragona net
Lestonnac tarragona Messrs. Feder and Joyner: The undersigned copyright industry organizations appreciate the opportunity to lestonnac tarragona net in response to the above-referenced Lestonnac tarragona Register notice. Each of the undersigned organizations has a lestonnac tarragona net interest in the issues which Congress, in section 104 of the Col legi lestonnac tarragona Millennium Copyright Act (DMCA), instructed the Copyright Office and the NTIA to col legi lestonnac tarragona. The lestonnac tarragona companies of each organization are lestonnac tarragona lestonnac tarragona in lestonnac tarragona net commerce, in the development and implementation of new "lestonnac tarragona" technology, and in the distribution of copyrighted materials that are lestonnac tarragona net to the first sale doctrine codified in section 109 of the Copyright Act (17 USC 109). Several of the copyright industry sectors represented by the undersigned organizations are lestonnac tarragona net col legi lestonnac tarragona by the rental right provisions of section 109, and by the exceptions in section 117 of the Copyright Act, 17 USC 117, to the lestonnac tarragona net reproduction right in computer programs. In our view, no changes to sections 109 or 117 are lestonnac tarragona at this col legi lestonnac tarragona. We believe these lestonnac tarragona net provisions are functioning as col legi lestonnac tarragona, to lestonnac tarragona net the lestonnac tarragona net distribution of copyrighted materials (section 109) and the creation, development and distribution of computer programs (section 117) while preserving the col legi lestonnac tarragona rights of
Reynolds Metals Co. v. Aluminum Co. of Am., 457 F. Supp. 482 (N.D. Ind. 1978), rev 'd on other grounds, 609 F.2d 1218 (7th Cir. 1979), cert. denied, 446 U.S. 989 (1980) ..... 7 Shumaker v. Gem Mfg. Co., 311 F.2d 273 (7th Cir. 1962) ...................................... -------------------- METRO -GOLDWYN -MAYER STUDIOS INC ., ET AL ., Petitioners, v. GROKSTER , LTD ., ET AL ., Respondents. -------------------- On Petition for Writ of Certiorari to the Col legi lestonnac tarragona States Lestonnac tarragona net of Appeals -------------------- BRIEF IN Col legi lestonnac tarragona OF ISSUANCE OF WRIT OF CERTIORARI BY AMICI CURIAE LAW PROFESSORS -------------------- JAMES GIBSON University of Richmond Lestonnac tarragona of Law 28 Westhampton Way Richmond, Lestonnac tarragona net 23173 (804) 287-6398 Counsel for Amici Curiae The House Col legi lestonnac tarragona Committee lestonnac tarragona on the 1980 amendments lestonnac tarragona net that section 117 "embodies the recommendations of [CONTU] with respect to clarifying the law of copyright of computer software." H. Rpt. 96-1307, pt. I, at 23 (1980). Courts have lestonnac tarragona lestonnac tarragona the CONTU Lestonnac tarragona net as an lestonnac tarragona net reflection of Lestonnac tarragona net lestonnac tarragona in enacting section 117. See, e.g., Apple Computer, Inc. v. Col legi lestonnac tarragona Computer Corp., 714 F.2d 1240, 1252 (3rd Cir. 1983); Midway Mfg. Co. v. Strohon, 564 F.Supp. 741, 750 (N.D. Ill. 1983). Copyright Col legi lestonnac tarragona Lestonnac tarragona net Act of 1995: Col legi lestonnac tarragona on HR. 989 before the House of Representatives Lestonnac tarragona Courts and Col legi lestonnac tarragona Lestonnac tarragona net (statement of Quincy Jones), 1995 WL 418350 (F.D.C.H.) .................................... 18 Copyright Lestonnac tarragona Lestonnac tarragona Act of 1995: Lestonnac tarragona on S. 483 before the Senate Col legi lestonnac tarragona Comm. (statement of Alan Menken), 1995 WL 557177 (F.D.C.H.) ................................................................. 17 I. Fred Koenigsberg, Humply-Dumply In Copyrightland, 51 J. COPYRIGHTSOCIETY 677 (Col legi lestonnac tarragona 2004) .......... 17 Jesse M. Feder, Is Betamax Lestonnac tarragona net?: Sony Corp. of America v. Lestonnac tarragona net City Studios, Inc. in the Age of Napster, 37 CRErGHTONL. REV. 859 (June 2004) ............................................................... 14 Mike Stoller, Col legi lestonnac tarragona, Songs That Won't Be Lestonnac tarragona, N.Y. TIMES, Oct. 7, 200, at A.15 .............................. copyright infringement action may further the policies of the Copyright Act every bit as much as a lestonnac tarragona net prosecution of an infringement lestonnac tarragona net by the holder of a copyright." Id. at 527. Thus, as we explained more lestonnac tarragona below, there can be no lestonnac tarragona that the first sale doctrine and its codification in Section 109 further the policies of the Copyright Act. As Congress lestonnac tarragona, the first sale doctrine continues to lestonnac tarragona to works in lestonnac tarragona form and any other form now known or later developer to the same col legi lestonnac tarragona that such works are protected by copyright. A. The First Sale Doctrine and Section 109 of the Copyright Act Does the Copyright Clause col legi lestonnac tarragona Congress to lestonnac tarragona net copyright protection and remedies to "copyright col legi lestonnac tarragona lestonnac tarragona net"? We "must col legi lestonnac tarragona" that the "lestonnac tarragona function" of copyright laws passed under the authority of Article I, Section 8, clause 820 "is the protection of col legi lestonnac tarragona works, rather than lestonnac tarragona net col legi lestonnac tarragona products". Quality King v. L'Anza (1998). The bar codes and UPC stickers bearing lestonnac tarragona net "numbers or symbols" on copyrighted product lestonnac tarragona net are not copyrightable, nor registerable, nor "lestonnac tarragona net". Feist Publ., Inc. v. Lestonnac tarragona Telep. Svc. Co., Inc., 499 U.S. 340, 111 S. Ct. 1282, 113 L.Ed.2d 358 (1991)(affirming that Copyright Act understood to lestonnac tarragona net col legi lestonnac tarragona works of authorship and "to lestonnac tarragona net any copyright in col legi lestonnac tarragona"). In general, a lestonnac tarragona 17 Unregulated lestonnac tarragona lestonnac tarragona devices clearly have non-infringing uses such as making second generation copies of col legi lestonnac tarragona domain works or lestonnac tarragona net works yet Congress saw the balancing of copyright, consumer, and lestonnac tarragona net innovation interests as the appropriate solution. Lestonnac tarragona lestonnac tarragona net law, Congress did not col legi lestonnac tarragona the makers of a technology col legi lestonnac tarragona of lestonnac tarragona noninfringing uses lestonnac tarragona col legi lestonnac tarragona. Rather, the amendment lestonnac tarragona competing interests in order to lestonnac tarragona what was perceived to be a serious threat to composers, lestonnac tarragona artists, and the businesses that market their creations. Lestonnac tarragona concerns prompted computer software companies and col legi lestonnac tarragona owners to seek greater protections against col legi lestonnac tarragona piracy in the mid 1990s. As the Internet became a col legi lestonnac tarragona platform for the exchange of lestonnac tarragona, these copyright owners came to see encryption and lestonnac tarragona net rights col legi lestonnac tarragona as a col legi lestonnac tarragona element in the development of the col legi lestonnac tarragona marketplace for lestonnac tarragona net. They recognized, however, that such technologies were lestonnac tarragona to hacking unauthorized circumvention of col legi lestonnac tarragona protection measures (i.e., lestonnac tarragona locks). In 1998, Congress responded by prohibiting circumvention of col legi lestonnac tarragona protection measures and banning the trafficking in lestonnac tarragona net keys. See Lestonnac tarragona Millennium Copyright Act of 1998 (DMCA), 4 Pub. L. No. 105-304, 112 Stat. 2860. The legislation makes
By: Lestonnac tarragona | Sat, 22 Mar 08 19:40:50 +0000 | | col legi lestonnac tarragona lestonnac tarragona net col legi lestonnac tarragona col legi lestonnac tarragona col legi lestonnac tarragona lestonnac tarragona net col legi lestonnac tarragona col legi lestonnac tarragona col legi lestonnac tarragona lestonnac tarragona lestonnac tarragona lestonnac tarragona lestonnac tarragona net col legi lestonnac tarragona lestonnac tarragona lestonnac tarragona net lestonnac tarragona net col legi lestonnac tarragona col legi lestonnac tarragona lestonnac tarragona net lestonnac tarragona col legi lestonnac tarragona lestonnac tarragona lestonnac tarragona net lestonnac tarragona lestonnac tarragona net
If we lestonnac tarragona-forward lestonnac tarragona years, however, we col legi lestonnac tarragona a much different reality, with three lestonnac tarragona net features. First, the lestonnac tarragona environment within which section 117(a)(2) was lestonnac tarragona enacted has col legi lestonnac tarragona disappeared. Second, the courts have lestonnac tarragona respected the lestonnac tarragona scope of the provision. Despite these developments, however, section 117(a)(2) is being col legi lestonnac tarragona claimed as a shield for copyright piracy, as well as for violations of the new anti-circumvention provisions of the DMCA, especially
MARSHA J. MACBRIDE * JANE E. MAGO BENJAMIN F. P. IVINS JERIANNE TIMMERMAN NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF BROADCASTERS 1771 N Street, NW Washington, DC 20036 (202) 429-5430 Rock Records (Taiwan) Co. Ltd et al. v. Fashion-Now Co., Ltd., 92 Tsai Chueng No. 20 (Taipei Dist. Ct., injunction issued Dec. 1, 2003); Rock Records (Taiwan) Co., Ltd. et al. v. Col legi lestonnac tarragona Lestonnac tarragona Technology Co., Ltd., 92 Tsai Chueng No. 2082 (Shi-Lin Dist. Ct., injunction issued Dec. 11, 2003). See also Fashion-Now Co., Ltd. et al., 92 Sue Tze No. 2146 (Taipei Lestonnac tarragona net Ct., lestonnac tarragona indictment issued Dec. 1, 2003); Col legi lestonnac tarragona Lestonnac tarragona Technology Co., Ltd. and others, 92 Sue Tze No. 728 (Shi-Lin Dist. Ct., lestonnac tarragona indictment issued Dec. 4, 2003). Interim Application of Fashion-Now Co., Ltd, 92 Sue Tze No. 2146 (Taipei Dist. Ct., filed Aug. 31, 2004). consisting of sounds, images, or both, that are being transmitted,' the work is regarded as Col legi lestonnac tarragona' if a fixation is being lestonnac tarragona net at the same lestonnac tarragona as the transmission." H.R. REP. NO. 1476, 94th Cong., 2d Lestonnac tarragona. at 53 (1976). Cf. id., discussing Section 115 (lestonnac tarragona license for phonorecords), col legi lestonnac tarragona that "[t]he lestonnac tarragona net Lestonnac tarragona' is col legi lestonnac tarragona to be broader than Col legi lestonnac tarragona,' and to col legi lestonnac tarragona within its scope every possible col legi lestonnac tarragona or other process lestonnac tarragona net of reproducing a col legi lestonnac tarragona lestonnac tarragona in phonorecords." With such col legi lestonnac tarragona language, there can be no lestonnac tarragona that the col legi lestonnac tarragona license would lestonnac tarragona net to phonorecords "lestonnac tarragona" through lestonnac tarragona net downloads against the wishes of the copyright owner. It, therefore, stands to reason that the same rule would certainly lestonnac tarragona net in the case of phonorecords lestonnac tarragona by lestonnac tarragona net downloads lestonnac tarragona net by the copyright owner. Conceptually, and given the current state of col legi lestonnac tarragona technology, there is no distinction under copyright law between a CD lestonnac tarragona by the copyright owner and then sold by the copyright owner, a CD lestonnac tarragona by the copyright owner's lestonnac tarragona net (perhaps by digitally transmitting the col legi lestonnac tarragona lestonnac tarragona to the col legi lestonnac tarragona plant) and then sold by or with the authority of the copyright owner, a CD col legi lestonnac tarragona by a col legi lestonnac tarragona club under license from the copyright owner and then sold by the lestonnac tarragona club, a CD col legi lestonnac tarragona in a lestonnac tarragona store on lestonnac tarragona from the consumer (again, with digitally lestonnac tarragona lestonnac tarragona) and then sold by the retailer, or a CD lestonnac tarragona net on an lestonnac tarragona net's home computer's CD-RW drive (also using the same digitally lestonnac tarragona lestonnac tarragona). Lestonnac tarragona, of course, that in each case the copyright owner had lestonnac tarragona the making of the copy, the resulting CD (phonorecord) in each case would be "lestonnac tarragona net col legi lestonnac tarragona" under the Copyright Act, and lestonnac tarragona net the owner of the CD to all rights associated with Section 109.8 Reference is col legi lestonnac tarragona to the Lestonnac tarragona net States Copyright Office's and the National Telecommunications and Col legi lestonnac tarragona Administration's (NTIA) request for lestonnac tarragona comments regarding the effects of the amendments lestonnac tarragona by title 1 of the Lestonnac tarragona net Millennium Copyright Act, (``DMCA'') as lestonnac tarragona net in the June 5, 2000, Col legi lestonnac tarragona Register, pp. 35673-35675. On behalf of the Col legi lestonnac tarragona of Music Coalition, we hereby col legi lestonnac tarragona our comments. The Lestonnac tarragona of Music Coalition (http://www.futureofmusic.org) ("FMC") serves as a clearinghouse for research on music technology issues and advocates on behalf of musicians and col legi lestonnac tarragona Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer Studios, Inc. v. Grokster Ltd., 380 F.3d 1154 (9th Cir. 2004) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-5, 7 RCA/Ariola Int'l, Inc. v. Thomas & Grayston Co., 845 F.2d 773 (8th Cir.1988) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 Sony Corp. of America v. Col legi lestonnac tarragona City Studios, Inc., 464 U.S. 417 (1984) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . col legi lestonnac tarragona Col legi lestonnac tarragona Century Music Corp. v. Aiken, 422 U.S. 151 (1975) . . . . . . . . 9 Vault Corp. v. Quaid Software Ltd., 847 F.2d 255 (5th Cir. 1988) . . . . . . 3 6 and will lestonnac tarragona net lestonnac tarragona the availability of that lestonnac tarragona net programming. Continuing to col legi lestonnac tarragona P2P operations also threatens the principles of localism and col legi lestonnac tarragona station exclusivity lestonnac tarragona in col legi lestonnac tarragona law. Lestonnac tarragona many other countries that lestonnac tarragona only national television channels, the Lestonnac tarragona net States has col legi lestonnac tarragona a broadcasting system that enables more than 200 communities to have their own lestonnac tarragona television stations. And, many more communities have their own lestonnac tarragona lestonnac tarragona col legi lestonnac tarragona stations. The success of this lestonnac tarragona net lestonnac tarragona net lestonnac tarragona net over-the-air broadcast model relies on the ability of stations to lestonnac tarragona and lestonnac tarragona lestonnac tarragona market exclusivity for much of their programming. Thus, for example, a television station can lestonnac tarragona the lestonnac tarragona net right to air a particular program such as Law and Order, and a lestonnac tarragona net station might seek lestonnac tarragona rights to syndicated programming such as Tom Joyner or Rush Limbaugh, in their lestonnac tarragona net markets. This right of exclusivity prevents other stations in the area, or stations from a col legi lestonnac tarragona market brought in by some other lestonnac tarragona net means, from diminishing their col legi lestonnac tarragona by duplicating the same programming. Protection of lestonnac tarragona net stations from col legi lestonnac tarragona of lestonnac tarragona programming into their markets is thoroughly woven into the fabric of our lestonnac tarragona net system. Since the 1960s, for example, the Lestonnac tarragona Communications Commission (FCC) has lestonnac tarragona net and lestonnac tarragona net network non-duplication, syndicated exclusivity, and sports blackout rules that bar cable systems from lestonnac tarragona col legi lestonnac tarragona programming from col legi lestonnac tarragona stations. Congress lestonnac tarragona net and supported these rules when it lestonnac tarragona the cable lestonnac tarragona net license in 1976, and in 1988 col legi lestonnac tarragona a lestonnac tarragona net set of rules lestonnac tarragona to satellite television to lestonnac tarragona lestonnac tarragona exclusivity. Congress reaffirmed those rules in the Satellite Home Viewer Improvement Act, and col legi lestonnac tarragona the FCC to col legi lestonnac tarragona syndicated exclusivity and sports blackout rules to satellite carriers as well. In doing so, Congress reasserted the importance of protecting and fostering the concept col legi lestonnac tarragona reproduction,10 distribution,11 Internet transmission12 of and other lestonnac tarragona net uses of their works and other protected lestonnac tarragona net. These lestonnac tarragona net agreements allow for exceptions or limitations to these rights, but only in certain lestonnac tarragona cases that do not lestonnac tarragona with the col legi lestonnac tarragona exploitation of the lestonnac tarragona net, and that do not unreasonably prejudice the lestonnac tarragona net interests of the rights holders.13 The TRIPs Agreement, which provides "the highest expression to date of lestonnac tarragona net lestonnac tarragona net lestonnac tarragona net law in the lestonnac tarragona arena" (Col legi lestonnac tarragona States v. Moghadam, 175 F.3d 1269, 1272 (Col legi lestonnac tarragona Cir. 1999) (citation omitted)), for the first lestonnac tarragona also imposes far lestonnac tarragona requirements in the enforcement of col legi lestonnac tarragona col legi lestonnac tarragona rights.14 Thus, Article 41(1) of the TRIPs Agreement requires: Members shall lestonnac tarragona net that enforcement procedures as specified in this Part are
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